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Daily PIB/ 05 March
General Studies- III
Topic– Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology.
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ISRO’s first crewed mission to Space
Context:
According to the Government, India’s maiden human space mission “Gaganyaan” will be launched in 2023.
With this launch, India will become the fourth nation in the world to launch a Human Spaceflight Mission after USA, Russia and China.
first un-crewed mission:
The first uncrewed space mission part of India’s Rs 9,023 crore human space mission called ‘Gaganyaan’ is slated for the second half of 2022, the government said.
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is planning to launch the first un-crewed mission in December, as part of the human spaceflight programme ‘Gaganyaan’.
- As part of the mandate of Gaganyaan, two un-crewed flights are planned to test the end-to-end capacity for the manned mission.
- Four Indian astronaut candidates are currently undergoing generic space flight training in Russia as part of Gaganyaan Programme.
Gaganyaan mission:
The Gaganyaan programme is an indigenous mission that would take Indian astronauts to space.
- It is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft, intended to send astronauts to space for a minimum of seven days by 2022, as part of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme.
- The process of Astronaut selection for the Gaganyaan mission is completed.
First Human Space Mission:
ISRO aims to launch its maiden Human Space Mission, Gaganyaan before the 75th anniversary of India’s independence in 2022.
- The crew selection and training process for Gaganyaan mission is progressing well including the training in Russia under Gaganyaan Mission.
- ISRO’s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle GSLV Mk III, the three-stage heavy-lift launch vehicle, will be used to launch Gaganyaan as it has the necessary payload capability.
Mission’s objectives:
- Rekindle public imagination and get the young generation interested in space in particular and science in general.
- A national project involving several institutes, academia and industry and Improvement of industrial growth.
- Inspiring youth and Development of technology for social benefits
Significance of a Manned Space Mission:
The programme is expected to spur research and development within the country in niche science and technology domains.
- Huge potential for technology spinoffs in areas such as medicine, agriculture, industrial safety, pollution, waste management, water and food resource management etc.
- The programme is expected to give impetus to economic activities within the country in terms of employment generation, human resource development and enhanced industrial capabilities.
- Gaganyaan Mission will ensure a seat at the high table of global governance of outer space.
- After the launch of Gaganyaan mission, it will be the fourth nation to do so after the United States, Russia and China.
GSLV Mk III:
GSLV Mk III, the three-stage heavy-lift launch vehicle, is the ISRO’s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle.
- GSLV Mk III is designed to carry 4-ton class of satellites into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) or about 10 tons to Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
- The powerful cryogenic stage of GSLV Mk III enables it to place heavy payloads into LEO’s of 600 km altitude.
General Studies- II
Topic– Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests.
OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework tax deal
Context:
India has joined OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework tax deal.
What is it?
- India and majority members of the OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting adopted a high-level statement outlining a consensus solution to address tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy.
- A total of 130 countries agreed to an overhaul of global tax norms to ensure multinationals pay taxes wherever they operate and at a minimum 15% rate.
Key point of the proposed solution:
The proposed solution consists of two components –
- Pillar One which is about reallocation of additional share of profit to the market jurisdictions and
- Pillar Two consisting of minimum tax and subject to tax rules.
India’s stand:
India’s stands for a greater share of profits for the markets, consideration of demand side factors in profit allocation, need to seriously address the issue of cross border profit shifting and need for subject to tax rule to stop treaty shopping.
Impact on India:
The Pillar I of the OECD’s/G20’s two-pillar solutions to address tax challenge of digitalization of economy.
- It also seeks to usher in a special purpose nexus rule and profit allocation formula for reallocating a part of super normal profits of the largest and most profitable multinational groups, amongst market countries like India and China.
- With regards to India, this outcome will have quantitative benefits since it will ensure India gets its fair share of corporate tax on earnings from massive market it provides to MNEs.
- The broader agreement reached on Pillar II solutions is the most significant step towards ending the’ race to the bottom’ that countries have indulged in for decades.
- A global Min tax rule will ensure level playing field for countries like India that offers massive market for MNEs without providing a tax safe harbor.
What is BEPS?
Base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) refers to tax planning strategies used by multinational enterprises that exploit gaps and mismatches in tax rules to avoid paying tax.
- Developing countries’ higher reliance on corporate income tax means they suffer from BEPS disproportionately.
- BEPS practices cost countries USD 100-240 billion in lost revenue annually.
- Working together within OECD/G20 Inclusive Framework on BEPS, 139 countries and jurisdictions are collaborating on the implementation of 15 measures to tackle tax avoidance, improve the coherence of international tax rules and ensure a more transparent tax environment.
General Studies- II
Topic– Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes.
Gender Samvaad
Context:
The Gender Samvaad is the Initiative for What Works to Advance Women and Girls in the Economy (IWWAGE) at LEAD, and is organized by the Ministry of Rural Development’s DAY-NRLM and.
What is the Gender Samvaad?
Gender Samvaad event is a joint attempt between DAY-NRLM and the ‘Initiative for What Works to Advance Women and Girls in the Economy’ (IWWAGE).
- It aims to create a common platform to share experiences emerging from this effort.
- The attempt is to generate greater awareness on gender related interventions under DAY-NRLM across the country.
Gender Samvaad provides states with opportunities to:
- Understand best practices/initiatives that other states have been undertaking to improve women’s agency, such as facilitating women’s access to land rights, their engagement in farmer producer organizations (FPOs), best practices around Food, Nutrition, Health and Water and Sanitation (FNHW) etc.
- Understand gender interventions globally;
- Engage with experts and other colleagues on suggestions regarding how to handle issues/implementation barriers;
- Contribute to creation of a ‘gender repository’ with resource materials on best practices for gender interventions across the country/other countries; and
- Build advocacy around the need to focus on gender issues across SRLMs and the NRLM.
DAY-NRLM:
Aajeevika – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM) was launched by the Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), Government of India in June 2011.
- The Mission aims at creating efficient and effective institutional platforms of the rural poor, enabling them to increase household income through sustainable livelihood enhancements and improved access to financial services.
- The Mission is aided in part through investment support by the World Bank.
- NRLM set out with an agenda to cover 7 Crore rural poor households, across 600 districts, 6000 blocks, 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats and 6 lakh villages in the country through self-managed Self Help Groups (SHGs) and federated institutions and support them for livelihoods collectives in a period of 8-10 years.
- In November 2015, the program was renamed Deendayal Antayodaya Yojana (DAY-NRLM).
- In 2016, DAY-NRLM laid out a gender operational strategy to mainstream gender issues within its federated architecture.
- It focused on training and capacity building of staff, cadres and institutions on gender issues.
Eligibility:
The NRLM Target Households (NTH) are identified through the Participatory Identification of Poor (PIP) instead of the BPL.
- The PIP is a community-driven process where the ‘Community Based Organisations’
(CBOs) themselves identify the poor in the village using participatory tools. - The list of poor identified by the CBO is vetted by the Gram Sabha.
Achievements:
With over 60 million women has been mobilised to be part of one of India’s largest livelihoods programme, the Deendayal Antayodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM).
- It holds great promise for advancing women’s socio-economic empowerment by organising them into self-help groups (SHGs) and federations of the rural poor.
- Not only are these platforms facilitating financial opportunities and livelihood support services for women, but they have also become an extended arm of governance to demand accountability from and build linkages with mainstream institutions.
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World Association of Kickboxing Organizations (WAKO)
The Ministry of Youth affairs & Sports has decided to grant recognition to WAKO India Kickboxing Federation as National Sports Federation (NSF).
Objective: to promote and development of the Kickboxing sport in India.
What is the WAKO?
WAKO India Kickboxing Federation is affiliated to World Association of Kickboxing Organizations (WAKO).
- WAKO is the International Federation for the sport of Kickboxing.
- International Olympic Committee (IOC) Executive Board has approved the recommendation for WAKO to become fully recognized member of the Olympic family of sport.
- WAKO have been provisionally recognized member of the IOC Since 30 November 2018.
- The full recognition of WAKO will be finally decided by the IOC Session in Tokyo in July 2021.
- To be fully included and accepted in the Olympic movement is important for the recognition and development of the sport of kickboxing.
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